EEE Projects Ideas for Final Year Students

EEE refers to Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Nowadays most of the students showing interest to join in this branch to complete their B.Tech successfully and to build good career in future. In EEE, they can learn different concepts on electronics and complete their project in final year. Many of them try to do creative and innovative projects. Some of them also try to do the projects which may be helpful in real life.

For their purpose, here we have listed few best projects ideas from various categories like embedded, electrical, robotics, DTMF, GSM, RF, RFID, etc. Most of these EEE projects ideas give a better idea in electronic circuits and their functionality. These ideas are collected from different sources for the convenience of EEE students. We hope these EEE projects ideas are very useful for engineering students in completing their B.Tech successfully.

So, you are always welcome to read the projects ideas given below and write your valuable opinions, comments, suggestions or any new projects ideas in the contact us page.

List of EEE Project Ideas:

	EEE Projects Ideas
1	Auto Intensity Control of Street Lights
2	Automatic Irrigation System on Sensing Soil Moisture Content
3	Programmable Switching Control for Industrial Automation in Repetitive Nature of Work
4	Automatic Wireless Health Monitoring System in Hospitals for Patients
5	Precise Digital Temperature Control
6	Optimum Energy Management System
7	Security System Using Smartcard Technology
8	PC Based Electrical Load Control
9	Secret Code Enabled Secure Communication Using RF Technology
10	Density Based Traffic Signal System
11	Line Following Robotic Vehicle
12	TV Remote Operated Domestic Appliances Control
13	Password Based Circuit Breaker
14	Programmable Load Shedding Time Management for Utility Department
15	Object Detection by Ultrasonic Means
16	Street Light that Glows on Detecting Vehicle Movement
17	Tampered Energy Meter Information Conveyed to Concerned Authority by Wireless Communication
18	Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor
19	Portable Programmable Medication Reminder
20	Programmable Energy Meter for Electrical Load Survey
21	Security System With User Changeable Password
22	Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
23	Solar Powered LED Street Light with Auto Intensity Control
24	SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) for Remote Industrial Plant
25	Parallel Telephone Lines with Security System
26	Using TV Remote as a Cordless Mouse for the Computer
27	Movement Sensed Automatic Door Opening System
28	Railway Level Crossing Gate Control through SMS by the Station Master or the Driver
29	GSM Based Monthly Energy Meter Billing via SMS
30	DTMF Based Load Control System
31	Synchronized Traffic Signals
32	Pick N Place with Soft Catching Gripper
33	Fire Fighting Robotic Vehicle
34	War Field Spying Robot with Night Vision Wireless Camera
35	Theft Intimation of the Vehicle Over SMS to Owner Who Can Stop the Engine Remotely
36	Closed Loop Control for a Brushless DC Motor to Run at the Exactly Entered Speed
37	Automatic Surveillance Camera Panning System from PC
38	Flash Flood Intimation Over GSM Network
39	RFID security access control system
40	Integrated Energy Management System Based on GSM Protocol with Acknowledgement Feature
41	Cell Phone Based DTMF Controlled Garage Door Opening System
42	Display of Dialed Telephone Numbers on Seven Segment Displays
43	Non Contact Tachometer
44	RFID based attendance system
45	Line Following Robotic Vehicle Using Microcontroller
46	Automatic Dialing to Any Telephone Using I2C Protocol on Detecting Burglary
47	Life Cycle Testing of Electrical Loads by Down Counter
48	GSM Based Energy Meter Reading with Load Control
49	BLDC Motor Speed Control with RPM Display
50	Predefined Speed Control of BLDC Motor
51	Stamp Value Calculator for Postage Needs
52	Dish Positioning Control by IR Remote
53	Hidden Active Cell Phone Detector
54	Long Range FM Transmitter with Audio Modulation
55	Railway Track Security System
56	Sun Tracking Solar Panel
57	Remote Jamming Device
58	Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using GSM
59	IR Obstacle Detection to Actuate Load
60	Automatic Dusk to Dawn (Evening on to Morning Off)
61	Rhythm Following Flashing Lights
62	Thermistor Based Temperature Control
63	Object Counter with 7 Segment Display
64	Incoming Phone Ring Light Flasher
65	Solar Power Charge Controller
66	Wire Loop Breaking Alarm Signal
67	Video Activated Relay to Control the Load
68	Touch Controlled Load Switch
69	Time Delay Based Relay Operated Load
70	Electronic Eye Controlled Security System
71	Fastest Finger Press Quiz Buzzer
72	Pre-programmed Digital Scrolling Message System
73	Speed Checker to Detect Rash Driving on Highways
74	Home Automation Using Digital Control
75	Four Quadrant DC Motor Speed Control with Microcontroller
76	Intelligent Overhead Tank Water Level Indicator
77	Speed Synchronization of Multiple Motors in Industries
78	Pre Stampede Monitoring and Alarm System
79	Unique Office Communication System Using RF
80	PC Controlled Scrolling Message Display for Notice Board
81	Touch Screen Based Industrial Load Switching
82	Touch Screen Based Home Automation System
83	Speed Checker to Detect Rash Driving on Highways
84	RF Based Home Automation System
85	Wireless message Communication Between Two Computers
86	Obstacle Avoidance Robotic Vehicle
87	Solar Powered Auto Irrigation System
88	Auto Metro Train to Shuttle Between Stations
89	Touch Screen Based Remote Controlled Robotic Vehicle for Stores Management
90	Metal Detector Robotic Vehicle
91	RFID Based Passport Details
92	Beacon Flasher Using Microcontroller
93	Discotheque Light Stroboscopic Flasher
94	IR Controlled Robotic Vehicle
95	Automatic Bell System for Institutions
96	Cell Phone Controlled Robotic Vehicle
97	RFID Based Device Control and Authentication Using PIC Microcontroller
98	Theft Intimation of Vehicle Over SMS to Owner Who Can Stop the Engine Remotely
99	Street Light that Glows on Detecting Vehicle Movement
100	Density Based Traffic Signal System Using PIC Microcontroller
101	Solar Energy Measurement System

LM1830 based liquid level indicator circuit

LM1830 is a monolithic integrated circuit that can be used in liquid level indicator / control systems. Manufactured by National Semiconductors, the LM1830 can detect the presence or absence of polar fluids . Circuits based on this IC requires minimum number of external components and AC signal is passed through the sensing probe immersed in the fluid. Usage of AC signal for detection prevents electrolysis and this makes the probes long lasting. The IC is capable of driving a LED, high impedance tweeter or a low power relay at its output.

Low liquid level indicator (LED)

The circuit of a low liquid level indicator with LED is shown above. Capacitor Ct sets the frequency of the internal oscillator. With the give value of C1 the frequency will be around 6KHz. Capacitor Cb couples the oscillator output to the probe and it ensures that no DC signal is applied to the probe. The circuit detects the fluid level by comparing the probe to ground resistance with the internal reference resistor Rref.

When the probe to ground resistance goes above the Rref the oscillator output is coupled to the base of the internal output transistor making it conducting. The LED connected to the collector (between pin 12 and Vcc) is driven. Since the base of the transistor is driven using the oscillator, actually the transistor is being switched at the oscillator’s output frequency @50% duty cycle. There is no problem in driving the LED using AC signal and this method is very useful when it comes to use a loud speaker as the indicator. Loud speakers can be driven only by using AC signals and a DC signal will not produce any sound out of the speaker. The circuit diagram of a liquid level indicator using loud speaker at its output is shown below. The circuit is similar to the first circuit except that the LED is replaced by a loud speaker and the load current limiting resistor is changed from 1.2K to 1.5K.

Low liquid level warning (audio)

Notes.

• The circuit can be assembled on a Perf board.
• I used 12V DC for powering the circuit.
• Maximum supply voltage LM1830 can handle is 28V.
• The tweeter I used was of a 16 ohm type.
• The relay I used is a 200 ohm/12V type.
• Maximum load current Q1 (2N2222) can handle is 800mA.
• The switching current/voltage ratings of the relay must be according to the load you want to drive using it.
• It is recommended to mount the IC on a holder.

Read more: circuitstoday.com/liquid-level-indicator#ixzz1H1t0SpU7

AMPLIFIER

THE DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIER

Let's look at one example of a small signal amplifier, perhaps of the type to follow the previous buffer amplifier. We will assume we are buffering and amplifying our signal from thevoltage controlled oscillator tutorial. In those examples we were generating and buffering 1.8 to 2.0 Mhz signals for the 160M band.

A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE

Fig 1.

Here I've used a pretty standard and cheap transistor for our small signal amplifier. This transistor has some pretty impressive characteristics though.

The configuration is much the same as other class "A" amplifier designs covered in previous tutorials.

The output circuit consists of a low pass filter network which also converts the desired output impedance we want Q1 to see to our standard 50 ohms output.

The 100 ohm resistor, RFC XL2 and the 0.01 uF capacitors are purely for decoupling purposes i.e., to keep RF out of the small signal amplifier power supply as well as other stages. Let's consider firstly the input circuit of our small signal amplifier.

Q1 is biased for DC conditions by R1, R2 and the emitter resistor of 270 ohms in this instance. Alert readers will be aware I like to bias the base voltage of my transistors to about 25% of Vcc (.25 * 12V) or 3V. It follows then that R1 will be about 3 times the value of R2 - think about it!. If the base voltage is around 3V then the emitter voltage is going to be 3v - 0.65V = 2.35V. Don't follow that? Go back to class "A" amplifier designs covered in previous tutorials.

If the emitter voltage is 2.35V approx. then the emitter current Ie through the emitter resistor of 270 ohms must be (from ohms law) 2.35 / 270 = 0.0087 or 8.7 mA. I've also said elsewhere I like base current to be about 1/7th of emitter current - alright these are my foibles and others would disagree. They're welcome to write their own papers.

So base current is going to be about 1 mA and seeing R1 + R2 are connected across 12V it follows that (from ohms law) R1 + R2 = 12V / .001 = 12,000 ohms or 12K. For biasing R1 is 3 times R2 so using simple maths R2 is 25% or 3K and R1 would be 9K which are not necessarily readily available standard values. We will make R2 = 3K3 and R1 = 10K which if you do all your sums is near enough and probably about a third of the values others might use.

So we have our DC conditions satisfied and the 0.01 capacitor in parallel with the emitter resistor means for RF purposes the emitter is at ground potential. This then leaves the output circuit to be discussed. The 22 ohms resistor in the collector circuit is there to discourage parasitic oscillations. RFC XL2 as I said before is only to decouple the power supply and I'd look for a reactance of around 20,000 ohms or at 2 Mhz something like 1 to 2.5 mH.

All this leaves is our low pass filter matching network. First question?? How much output power do we want? Huh? Yep that's how it all works.

Let's say we wanted +17 dBm for a mixer circuit. To the uninformed +17 dBm is a power relationship in milli-watts. Power is always (10 * log of power) so in this case in reverse we divide the 17 by 10 to get 1.7 which is the log of 50 so it follows that +17 dBm is in fact 50 mW of power. Learnt something?

Incidentally a power level of 50 mW into 50 ohms also equates to Erms = SQRT ( 0.05 * 50 ) or 1.58V RMS or 2.828 times that value to get pk-to-pk, which is 4.47V PK-PK.

Alright how do we design to get 50 mW out of our amplifier? By using the formula R = Vcc² / (2 * Po) or in our case [ (12V * 12V) / (2 * 0.05) ] = 1440 ohms. Want more power? Change the numbers! Obviously there are limits but you get the idea.

From the above the collector needs to see a load of about 1440 ohms which in turn has to be transformed into our 50 ohm load. By the way, if the amplifier doesn't see a 50 ohm load then all these calculations go right out the window. At the end I show my method of ensuring something like a 50 ohm load and more important the method helps the succeeding stage see a 50 ohm source.

If you have done previous tutorials on filters this is easy. If not then you need to do more work. This is a simple "L" network low pass filter designed in this case to transform 1440 ohms to 50 ohms. Follow these steps where SQRT signifies square-root-of:

1. XL = the SQRT of [(R1 * R2) - (R1 * R1)] = SQRT [(50 * 1440) - (50 * 50)] = SQRT [ 72,000 - 2,500] = SQRT of 69500 = 263.6 ohms

2. Xc = [(R1 * R2) / XL] = 72,000 / 263.6 = 273 ohms

Therefore the reactance of our inductor is about 264 ohms at our frequency of interest and the reactance of our capacitor is about 273 ohms at that same frequency. In the beginning I mentioned a requirement for a 1.8 to 2 Mhz small signal amplifier so we will nominally use 2 Mhz as our cut off frequency i.e. we want to pass all signals below about 2 Mhz but not above (filter out harmonics!).

Here I always see what capacitor has a reactance of 273 ohms at 2 Mhz using the standard capacitive reactance formula Xc = 1 / (2 * pi * Fo * C). Which when algebraically rearranged for our purposes becomes C = 1 / (2 * pi * Fo * Xc ). Slipping 273 ohms for Xc into that formula and 2 Mhz (2,000,000) should get you on your calculator 2.91.. ^-10 which should then be multiplied by exp 12 to arrive at an answer in pF. Doing that we get an answer of 291 pF which doesn't exist in the real world.

Now you have several choices here. (a) just plonk nearest standard components in for XL and Xc and don't worry about tuning - not recommended. (b) make part of Xc variable e.g. Xc comprises a fixed 270 pF capacitor with a 5 - 50 pF trimmer in parallel or (c) make Xc fixed and XL variable. You can only use the latter option if you have suitable slug tuned inductors available (they ain't cheap but could possibly be salvaged if you know what you are doing).

In the event you chose option (b) the required fixed inductor would be determined from the inductive reactance formula XL = (2 * pi * Fo * L). In ALL examples I use 6.2832 for 2 * pi. For our example we can again rearrange the formula as L = XL / (2 * pi * Fo) and plugging in this case 263.6 ohms XL from above and 2 for 2 Mhz we get L = 263.6 / (6.2832 * 2) = 20.98 uH. That is the inductance you would use, possibly with 60 turns of #26 wire on a T68-2 toroid as only one example.

If you elected method (c) - and this is really cool - I would look back at the capacitor required i.e. 291 pf, use the next lower value which is 270 pF and slot in a variable inductor which will tune through 20.98 uH. Feed a suitable signal to the amplifier, ensure the amplifier is terminated in a suitable fixed 50 ohm load (two 1/2 watt 100 ohm resistor in parallel = 50 ohms) and watch the output on a scope as the slug is adjusted. Wow! In fact you should get a similar effect with the variable capacitor method in (b). Certainly you will then understand why method (a) sucks.

I mentioned earlier how I ensure a 50 ohms load and succeeding stages see a 50 ohms source. I use a 50 ohm 3 dB attenuator. This is a resistive pi network attenuator which consumes 3 dB of power but represents a constant load. You put it in circuit after the last 0.01 uF coupling capacitor after the output.

Fig 2.

Now the downside. It consumes power. At - 3 dB that's half the power!!! What the hell just do your sums all over again to produce 100 mW from the amplifier. I would!

In this event your collector load is now 720 ohms, Xc = 197 ohms and XL = 183 ohms. At around 2 Mhz they translate into 403 pF (use 390 pF) and about 14.6 uH.

See - dead easy!

Ref: http://my.integritynet.com.au/purdic/small-signal-amplifier.htm

Small Electronic Projects

This Post is about small electronics projects, which may be implemented as semester projects for Engineering students.

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